Estimated numbers of people living with HIV in Central Asia are two times higher than officially reported, which means that many are unaware of their status and unable to seek treatment and care or to change behaviors. Little data exist in the region about risky behaviors among this group and limited programs have been supported that were targeted specifically at behavior change among people living with HIV in Central Asia. TB is particularly difficult to diagnose in people living with HIV, both with sputum microscopy and clinically. USAID-funded pilots on management of dual infection of HIV/TB showed that 3% to 18% of PLWH also have TB. Little data exist on level of awareness of this group about TB and its prevention and treatment. A USAID-funded pilot on management of dual HIV/TB infection in Almaty, Kazakhstan showed that only 3% of PLWH were consulted by a TB specialist at the beginning of the pilot.