Out of the four Central Asian Republics that report an HIV epidemic, only a few small surveys in three countries have been carried out on HIV seroprevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM). The survey in Kazakhstan, which was limited to a sample size of 200 MSM, reported zero prevalence of HIV. Among MSM in Kyrgyzstan, 3.9% prevalence has been reported, and in Uzbekistan, a seroprevalence of as high as 6.9% was reported in Tashkent. Moreover, high rates of Hepatitis C (11% in Tashkent, Uzbekistan and 23% in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan) and syphilis (9% in Bishkek) indicates the practice of risky behaviors.
Global reports show that MSM remain seriously underserved with respect to HIV-prevention services. The marginalized status of this risk group makes data difficult to access and requires targeted outreach. Very few NGOs in the region have been successful in reaching MSM with HIV-prevention services. In Kazakhstan, only 8% of MSM are reportedly reached with prevention services. In Kyrgyzstan, four regions out of seven implement preventive programs targeting MSM.